Last year, the tech giant Huawei catapulted to the top of the smartphone market in China when it released the Mate 60 Pro, a phone that contained a tiny computer chip more advanced than any previously made by a Chinese company.
The chips used by Huawei’s smartphones have become a symbol in the struggle between China and the United States for control over advanced technology.
Policymakers in Washington have spent years trying to prevent Chinese companies from being able to make the kind of chip Huawei uses in its Mate phone. But Huawei has pressed ahead, and the phone has burnished its image as a national leader, triumphant in the face of U.S. restrictions.
Shoppers in China were excited to buy a phone with state-of-the-art components that had been made entirely at home. Huawei was able to appeal to Chinese customers who previously would have been more likely to buy iPhones, eating into Apple’s most important market outside the United States.
On Tuesday, Huawei unveiled the next generation of that phone, the Mate 70 series, from its offices in Shenzhen in southeastern China. Richard Yu, Huawei’s consumer group chairman, called the flagship device “the most powerful” and “smartest” Mate phone.
Powered by its homegrown operating system, HarmonyOS Next, which was officially launched last month, the Mate 70 series has artificial intelligence-enabled functions, including improved photography, live transcription and translation of phone calls. Apple has yet to release its artificial intelligence features in China.
Starting at $760, the price of the Mate 70 is meant to compete directly with the iPhone in China. The HarmonyOS Next allows the phones to connect with Huawei’s other products: electric cars, smart speakers and watches.
But widespread commercial success for the Mate 70 could depend on Huawei’s ability to secure a steady supply of chips.
The company relied on the Chinese chip maker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, or SMIC, to make the chips in the Mate 60 Pro. SMIC, which is partly state owned, is the only maker of advanced chips in China. Analysts said they believed Huawei had again turned to SMIC for the Mate 70. Huawei did not reveal details on Tuesday about the computing chips in the new phone.
A critical question is how advanced the chips are, because that can determine whether they can perform more sophisticated tasks like artificial intelligence at a faster speed.
U.S. officials seeking to control China’s chip development say advanced technology is essential not just for consumer technology like A.I. chatbots but also for military superiority. They have tried to prevent Chinese companies from buying these kinds of chips and the machinery to make them, leaving SMIC dependent on dated tools.
Experts say SMIC has strained to make enough chips for Huawei. Even though production for some parts in Huawei’s latest phones began in July, the Mate 70 has not gone on sale until now because it has been challenging for Huawei to acquire enough of the advanced chips it needs, said Lori Chang, a senior analyst at Isaiah Research, a market research company.
SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.
As of Tuesday, over three million people had signed up on Huawei’s website to reserve the company’s latest flagship phone. The reservation does not require a deposit. The premium version of the Mate 70 is set to go on sale in China on Tuesday, according to Huawei’s website.
Huawei has been working for years to position itself as China’s iconic tech brand, as synonymous with the country’s tech industry as Apple is with Silicon Valley. Resurgence in spite of Washington’s controls is a crucial part of this image.
A top Huawei executive, Meng Wanzhou, became a hero to many in China after her return in 2021 following almost three years of detention in Canada while facing fraud charges in the United States. A series of trade restrictions against Huawei first put in place during the Trump administration eroded the telecom giant’s smartphone market share, pummeling its profits in 2022. Since Ms. Meng’s release, Huawei has expanded its range of consumer electronics and developed some of China’s most advanced artificial intelligence technology.
Over the past two years, the company has steadily gained ground in the segment of China’s smartphone market that was previously dominated by Apple.
China has long been Apple’s most important iPhone market after the United States. In 2022, three-quarters of the high-end smartphones sold in China were iPhones. This year, it was just about half. And over the same period, Huawei’s share of this market has more than doubled, according to data from Canalys, a market research firm.
“Huawei’s goal over the past few years has been consistent — to reclaim some of the market share that iPhone holds in China,” Ms. Chang said.
Huawei faces stiff competition from domestic rivals like Xiaomi and Oppo, which sell less expensive devices. To compete, Huawei will have to sell more midrange models, too, said Toby Zhu, a senior analyst at Canalys.
But even those devices will require Huawei to be able to procure a large number of chips. And as foreign chip makers like the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, stop sending chips to Chinese clients, this could become increasingly difficult as more companies than ever will be depending on SMIC as their sole source of advanced chips.
“Not only Huawei but now all China-based A.I. makers, they face the same issue,” said Linda Sui, a senior director at TechInsights, a market research firm. “If they all ship through SMIC, that’s going to make the supply constraints even worse next year.”
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